321 shortcuts in 17 categories. Search for an action, or jump to a category. Windows and Mac keys are shown side by side.
If you only learn 20 shortcuts, learn these. They cover most of what you do in a normal day in Excel.
| What it does | Windows | Mac |
|---|---|---|
| Copy | Ctrl+C | Cmd+C |
| Cut | Ctrl+X | Cmd+X |
| Paste | Ctrl+V | Cmd+V |
| Undo the last action | Ctrl+Z | Cmd+Z |
| Redo the last action | Ctrl+Y | Cmd+Y |
| Save the workbook | Ctrl+S | Cmd+S |
| Select all cells | Ctrl+A | Cmd+A |
| Bold | Ctrl+B | Cmd+B |
| Find | Ctrl+F | Cmd+F |
| Jump to the edge of your data | Ctrl+Arrow | Cmd+Arrow |
| Select to the edge of your data | Ctrl+Shift+Arrow | Cmd+Shift+Arrow |
| Edit the active cell | F2 | Control+U |
| Turn filters on or off | Ctrl+Shift+L | Cmd+Shift+F |
| AutoSum | Alt+= | Cmd+Shift+T |
| Fill down | Ctrl+D | Control+D |
| Paste Special dialog | Ctrl+Alt+V | Control+Cmd+V |
| Switch between absolute and relative references | F4 | Cmd+T |
| Start a new line inside a cell | Alt+Enter | Control+Option+Return |
| Insert a table | Ctrl+T | Control+T |
| Ctrl+P | Cmd+P |
Select exactly what you need with the keyboard, without dragging the mouse.
| What it does | Windows | Mac |
|---|---|---|
| Select all cells (press twice inside a table or data region) | Ctrl+A | Cmd+A |
| Select the current data region | Ctrl+Shift+* | Control+Shift+* |
| Extend the selection by one cell | Shift+Arrow | Shift+Arrow |
| Extend the selection to the edge of the data | Ctrl+Shift+Arrow | Cmd+Shift+Arrow |
| Extend the selection to the start of the row | Shift+Home | Shift+Fn+Left Arrow |
| Extend the selection to cell A1 | Ctrl+Shift+Home | Control+Shift+Fn+Left Arrow |
| Extend the selection to the last used cell | Ctrl+Shift+End | Control+Shift+Fn+Right Arrow |
| Extend the selection one screen down | Shift+Page Down | Shift+Fn+Down Arrow |
| Extend the selection one screen up | Shift+Page Up | Shift+Fn+Up Arrow |
| Select the entire column | Ctrl+Space | Control+Space |
| Select the entire row | Shift+Space | Shift+Space |
| Turn extend selection mode on or off | F8 | F8 |
| Add another range to the selection | Shift+F8 | Shift+F8 |
| Select only the visible cells (skip hidden rows) | Alt+; | Cmd+Shift+Z |
| Select cells that differ from the active cell in a row | Ctrl+\ | Control+\ |
| Select cells that differ from the active cell in a column | Ctrl+Shift+| | Control+Shift+| |
| Select cells directly referred to by the formula (precedents) | Ctrl+[ | Cmd+[ |
| Select all precedents, direct and indirect | Ctrl+Shift+{ | Cmd+Shift+{ |
| Select cells that refer directly to this cell (dependents) | Ctrl+] | Cmd+] |
| Select all dependents, direct and indirect | Ctrl+Shift+} | Cmd+Shift+} |
| Select the whole array | Ctrl+/ | Control+/ |
| Select all cells with comments | Ctrl+Shift+O | Cmd+Shift+O |
| Select non-adjacent cells | Ctrl+Click | Cmd+Click |
| Collapse a multi-cell selection to the active cell | Shift+Backspace | Shift+Delete |
Type, fix and fill data faster. These are the shortcuts you use all day.
| What it does | Windows | Mac |
|---|---|---|
| Edit the active cell | F2 | Control+U |
| Confirm the entry | Enter | Return |
| Cancel the entry | Esc | Esc |
| Start a new line inside a cell | Alt+Enter | Control+Option+Return |
| Fill the whole selection with the typed entry | Ctrl+Enter | Control+Return |
| Fill down from the cell above | Ctrl+D | Control+D |
| Fill right from the cell on the left | Ctrl+R | Control+R |
| Flash Fill | Ctrl+E | Control+E |
| Undo | Ctrl+Z | Cmd+Z |
| Redo | Ctrl+Y | Cmd+Y |
| Repeat the last action | F4orCtrl+Y | Cmd+Y |
| Clear the contents of the selected cells | Delete | Delete |
| Delete the character to the left of the cursor | Backspace | Delete |
| Delete the character to the right of the cursor | Delete | Fn+Delete |
| Delete text to the end of the line in a cell | Ctrl+Delete | Control+K |
| Insert the current date | Ctrl+; | Control+; |
| Insert the current time | Ctrl+Shift+: | Cmd+; |
| Copy the formula from the cell above | Ctrl+' | Control+' |
| Copy the value from the cell above | Ctrl+Shift+" | Control+Shift+" |
| Insert a hyperlink | Ctrl+K | Cmd+K |
| Open the drop-down list of values in the column | Alt+Down Arrow | Option+Down Arrow |
| Check spelling | F7 | F7 |
| Open the thesaurus | Shift+F7 | Shift+F7 |
| Accept an AutoComplete suggestion | Tab | Tab |
| Insert cells, rows or columns | Ctrl+Shift++ | Control+Shift+= |
| Delete cells, rows or columns | Ctrl+- | Cmd+- |
| Move to the start of the cell text while editing | Home | Fn+Left Arrow |
| Jump one word left or right while editing | Ctrl+Left ArroworCtrl+Right Arrow | Option+Left ArroworOption+Right Arrow |
Paste only what you need: values, formulas, formats or transposed data. Press the shortcut, then the letter, then Enter.
| What it does | Windows | Mac |
|---|---|---|
| Copy | Ctrl+C | Cmd+C |
| Cut | Ctrl+X | Cmd+X |
| Paste | Ctrl+V | Cmd+V |
| Open the Paste Special dialog | Ctrl+Alt+V | Control+Cmd+V |
| Paste values only | Ctrl+Alt+VthenVthenEnter | Control+Cmd+VthenVthenReturn |
| Paste formulas only | Ctrl+Alt+VthenFthenEnter | Control+Cmd+VthenFthenReturn |
| Paste formats only | Ctrl+Alt+VthenTthenEnter | Control+Cmd+VthenTthenReturn |
| Paste values and number formats | Ctrl+Alt+VthenUthenEnter | Control+Cmd+VthenUthenReturn |
| Paste formulas and number formats | Ctrl+Alt+VthenRthenEnter | Control+Cmd+VthenRthenReturn |
| Paste column widths | Ctrl+Alt+VthenWthenEnter | Control+Cmd+VthenWthenReturn |
| Paste comments and notes | Ctrl+Alt+VthenCthenEnter | Control+Cmd+VthenCthenReturn |
| Paste data validation only | Ctrl+Alt+VthenNthenEnter | Control+Cmd+VthenNthenReturn |
| Paste everything except borders | Ctrl+Alt+VthenXthenEnter | Control+Cmd+VthenXthenReturn |
| Paste and add to the existing values | Ctrl+Alt+VthenDthenEnter | Control+Cmd+VthenDthenReturn |
| Paste and subtract from the existing values | Ctrl+Alt+VthenSthenEnter | Control+Cmd+VthenSthenReturn |
| Paste and multiply the existing values | Ctrl+Alt+VthenMthenEnter | Control+Cmd+VthenMthenReturn |
| Paste and divide the existing values | Ctrl+Alt+VthenIthenEnter | Control+Cmd+VthenIthenReturn |
| Paste and skip blank cells | Ctrl+Alt+VthenBthenEnter | Control+Cmd+VthenBthenReturn |
| Paste transposed (rows become columns) | Ctrl+Alt+VthenEthenEnter | Control+Cmd+VthenEthenReturn |
| Paste Special using the classic menu keys | AltthenEthenS | โ |
| Insert the copied cells (instead of overwriting) | Ctrl+Shift++ | Control+Shift+= |
| Copy the formula from the cell above | Ctrl+' | Control+' |
| Copy the value from the cell above | Ctrl+Shift+" | Control+Shift+" |
| Copy a cell by dragging it | Ctrl+Drag | Option+Drag |
Make a sheet readable without reaching for the ribbon.
| What it does | Windows | Mac |
|---|---|---|
| Open the Format Cells dialog | Ctrl+1 | Cmd+1 |
| Bold | Ctrl+B | Cmd+B |
| Italic | Ctrl+I | Cmd+I |
| Underline | Ctrl+U | Cmd+U |
| Strikethrough | Ctrl+5 | Cmd+Shift+X |
| Open Format Cells on the Font tab | Ctrl+Shift+F | โ |
| Apply an outline border | Ctrl+Shift+& | Cmd+Option+0 |
| Remove all borders | Ctrl+Shift+_ | Cmd+Option+- |
| Open the border menu | AltthenHthenB | โ |
| Open the fill colour menu | AltthenHthenH | โ |
| Open the font colour menu | AltthenHthenFthenC | โ |
| Centre the content | AltthenHthenAthenC | โ |
| Align left | AltthenHthenAthenL | โ |
| Align right | AltthenHthenAthenR | โ |
| Merge and centre | AltthenHthenMthenC | โ |
| Wrap text | AltthenHthenW | โ |
| Increase indent | AltthenHthen6 | โ |
| Decrease indent | AltthenHthen5 | โ |
| Increase font size | Ctrl+Shift+> | โ |
| Decrease font size | Ctrl+Shift+< | โ |
| Use the Format Painter | AltthenHthenFthenP | โ |
| Clear all formatting | AltthenHthenEthenF | โ |
| Open the conditional formatting menu | AltthenHthenL | โ |
| Open cell styles | AltthenHthenJthenS | โ |
Switch a cell between currency, percent, date and other formats in one press.
| What it does | Windows | Mac |
|---|---|---|
| General format | Ctrl+Shift+~ | Control+Shift+~ |
| Number format with two decimals and thousands separator | Ctrl+Shift+! | Control+Shift+! |
| Currency format | Ctrl+Shift+$ | Control+Shift+$ |
| Percentage format | Ctrl+Shift+% | Control+Shift+% |
| Scientific format | Ctrl+Shift+^ | Control+Shift+^ |
| Date format (day, month, year) | Ctrl+Shift+# | Control+Shift+# |
| Time format (hour and minute with AM or PM) | Ctrl+Shift+@ | Control+Shift+@ |
| Increase decimal places | AltthenHthen0 | โ |
| Decrease decimal places | AltthenHthen9 | โ |
| Apply the comma style | AltthenHthenK | โ |
Write, audit and recalculate formulas without breaking your flow.
| What it does | Windows | Mac |
|---|---|---|
| AutoSum the selected cells | Alt+= | Cmd+Shift+T |
| Cycle through absolute and relative references | F4 | Cmd+T |
| Show formulas instead of results | Ctrl+` | Control+` |
| Open the Insert Function dialog | Shift+F3 | Shift+F3 |
| Open the Function Arguments dialog after typing a function name | Ctrl+A | Control+A |
| Insert argument names after typing a function name | Ctrl+Shift+A | โ |
| Enter an array formula (older Excel versions) | Ctrl+Shift+Enter | Control+Shift+Return |
| Expand or collapse the formula bar | Ctrl+Shift+U | Control+Shift+U |
| Calculate all open workbooks | F9 | Cmd+= |
| Calculate the active sheet only | Shift+F9 | Shift+F9 |
| Force a full recalculation of every formula | Ctrl+Alt+F9 | โ |
| Evaluate the selected part of a formula | F9 | F9 |
| Paste a defined name into a formula | F3 | โ |
| Open the Name Manager | Ctrl+F3 | โ |
| Create names from the selected labels | Ctrl+Shift+F3 | Cmd+Shift+F3 |
| Trace precedents with arrows | AltthenMthenP | โ |
| Trace dependents with arrows | AltthenMthenD | โ |
| Remove all trace arrows | AltthenMthenAthenA | โ |
| Show formulas (Formulas tab) | AltthenMthenH | โ |
| Copy the formula from the cell above | Ctrl+' | Control+' |
| Fill a formula down a column | Ctrl+D | Control+D |
| Fill a formula to the right | Ctrl+R | Control+R |
| Go to the cells a formula refers to | Ctrl+[ | Cmd+[ |
Insert, delete, hide and group rows and columns the quick way.
| What it does | Windows | Mac |
|---|---|---|
| Select the entire row | Shift+Space | Shift+Space |
| Select the entire column | Ctrl+Space | Control+Space |
| Insert row or column above or to the left | Ctrl+Shift++ | Control+Shift+= |
| Delete the selected row or column | Ctrl+- | Cmd+- |
| Hide the selected rows | Ctrl+9 | Control+9 |
| Unhide rows in the selection | Ctrl+Shift+( | Control+Shift+( |
| Hide the selected columns | Ctrl+0 | Control+0 |
| Unhide columns in the selection | Ctrl+Shift+) | Control+Shift+) |
| Group the selected rows or columns | Alt+Shift+Right Arrow | Cmd+Shift+K |
| Ungroup the selected rows or columns | Alt+Shift+Left Arrow | Cmd+Shift+J |
| Show or hide outline symbols | Ctrl+8 | Control+8 |
| AutoFit column width | AltthenHthenOthenI | โ |
| AutoFit row height | AltthenHthenOthenA | โ |
| Set a column width | AltthenHthenOthenW | โ |
| Set a row height | AltthenHthenOthenH | โ |
| Freeze or unfreeze panes | AltthenWthenFthenF | โ |
| Insert worksheet rows (Home tab menu) | AltthenHthenIthenR | โ |
| Insert worksheet columns (Home tab menu) | AltthenHthenIthenC | โ |
| Delete worksheet rows (Home tab menu) | AltthenHthenDthenR | โ |
| Delete worksheet columns (Home tab menu) | AltthenHthenDthenC | โ |
Sort, filter, clean and summarise data with the keyboard.
| What it does | Windows | Mac |
|---|---|---|
| Turn filters on or off | Ctrl+Shift+L | Cmd+Shift+F |
| Open the filter drop-down on a header cell | Alt+Down Arrow | Option+Down Arrow |
| Clear all filters | AltthenAthenC | โ |
| Reapply the filter and sort | Ctrl+Alt+L | โ |
| Sort A to Z | AltthenAthenSthenA | โ |
| Sort Z to A | AltthenAthenSthenD | โ |
| Open the custom sort dialog | AltthenAthenSthenS | โ |
| Create a table | Ctrl+TorCtrl+L | Control+TorControl+L |
| Insert a table from the Insert tab | AltthenNthenT | โ |
| Insert a PivotTable | AltthenNthenV | โ |
| Refresh the PivotTable or data connection | Alt+F5 | โ |
| Refresh all data connections and PivotTables | Ctrl+Alt+F5 | Cmd+Option+R |
| Group pivot items or data | Alt+Shift+Right Arrow | Cmd+Shift+K |
| Ungroup pivot items or data | Alt+Shift+Left Arrow | Cmd+Shift+J |
| Remove duplicates | AltthenAthenM | โ |
| Text to Columns | AltthenAthenE | โ |
| Open the Data Validation dialog | AltthenAthenVthenV | โ |
| Insert subtotals | AltthenAthenB | โ |
| Open Goal Seek | AltthenAthenWthenG | โ |
| Select the whole table row | Shift+Space | Shift+Space |
| Select the table column data (press again for the header) | Ctrl+Space | Control+Space |
Find any value, fix mistakes in bulk and jump to special cells.
| What it does | Windows | Mac |
|---|---|---|
| Find | Ctrl+F | Cmd+F |
| Find and Replace | Ctrl+H | Control+H |
| Find the next match | Shift+F4 | Cmd+G |
| Find the previous match | Ctrl+Shift+F4 | Cmd+Shift+G |
| Select all found cells (in the Find results list) | Ctrl+A | โ |
| Open the Go To dialog | Ctrl+GorF5 | Control+G |
| Open Go To Special (blanks, formulas, errors and more) | Ctrl+GthenAlt+S | โ |
| Replace all (inside the Replace dialog) | Alt+A | โ |
| Find next (inside the Find dialog) | Alt+F | โ |
| Open the format options of the Find dialog | Alt+T | โ |
Open, save, close and manage files and sheets.
| What it does | Windows | Mac |
|---|---|---|
| Create a new workbook | Ctrl+N | Cmd+N |
| Open a workbook | Ctrl+O | Cmd+O |
| Save the workbook | Ctrl+S | Cmd+S |
| Save As | F12 | Cmd+Shift+S |
| Close the workbook | Ctrl+W | Cmd+W |
| Close Excel | Alt+F4 | Cmd+Q |
| Ctrl+P | Cmd+P | |
| Print preview | Ctrl+F2 | โ |
| Insert a new worksheet | Shift+F11 | Shift+F11 |
| Create a chart on a new chart sheet | F11 | F11 |
| Rename the current worksheet | AltthenHthenOthenR | โ |
| Move or copy the current worksheet | AltthenHthenOthenM | โ |
| Delete the current worksheet | AltthenHthenDthenS | โ |
| Go to the next worksheet | Ctrl+Page Down | Option+Right Arrow |
| Go to the previous worksheet | Ctrl+Page Up | Option+Left Arrow |
| Select the current and next worksheet together | Ctrl+Shift+Page Down | Control+Shift+Page Down |
| Select the current and previous worksheet together | Ctrl+Shift+Page Up | Control+Shift+Page Up |
| Switch to the next workbook window | Ctrl+F6 | Cmd+` |
| Open the macro list | Alt+F8 | Option+F8 |
| Open the VBA editor | Alt+F11 | Option+F11 |
| Open Help | F1 | F1 |
| Set the print area | AltthenPthenRthenS | โ |
| Open the Page Setup dialog | AltthenPthenSthenP | โ |
Control what you see on the screen.
| What it does | Windows | Mac |
|---|---|---|
| Collapse or expand the ribbon | Ctrl+F1 | Cmd+Option+R |
| Go full screen | Ctrl+Shift+F1 | Control+Cmd+F |
| Normal view | AltthenWthenL | โ |
| Page Layout view | AltthenWthenP | โ |
| Page Break Preview | AltthenWthenI | โ |
| Show or hide gridlines | AltthenWthenVthenG | โ |
| Split the window | AltthenWthenS | โ |
| Open a new window of the same workbook | AltthenWthenN | โ |
| Arrange all open windows | AltthenWthenA | โ |
| Hide or show objects | Ctrl+6 | Control+6 |
| Zoom in or out | Ctrl+Scroll | Option+Scroll |
| Move the workbook window | Ctrl+F7 | โ |
| Resize the workbook window | Ctrl+F8 | โ |
| Minimise the workbook window | Ctrl+F9 | โ |
| Maximise or restore the workbook window | Ctrl+F10 | โ |
Add charts, pictures, shapes and notes.
| What it does | Windows | Mac |
|---|---|---|
| Insert a chart on the same sheet | Alt+F1 | โ |
| Insert a chart on a new sheet | F11 | F11 |
| Open the recommended charts window | AltthenNthenR | โ |
| Insert a picture | AltthenNthenP | โ |
| Insert a shape | AltthenNthenSthenH | โ |
| Insert a text box | AltthenNthenX | โ |
| Insert a symbol | AltthenNthenU | โ |
| Insert a hyperlink | Ctrl+K | Cmd+K |
| Insert a note | Shift+F2 | Shift+F2 |
| Insert a threaded comment | Ctrl+Alt+M | โ |
| Open the right-click menu | Shift+F10 | Control+Click |
| Protect the sheet | AltthenRthenPthenS | โ |
Press Alt once, then follow the letters shown on the ribbon. These Alt sequences work in Excel for Windows.
| What it does | Windows | Mac |
|---|---|---|
| Show the key tips on the ribbon | AltorF10 | โ |
| Open the File menu | Alt+F | โ |
| Open the Home tab | Alt+H | โ |
| Open the Insert tab | Alt+N | โ |
| Open the Page Layout tab | Alt+P | โ |
| Open the Formulas tab | Alt+M | โ |
| Open the Data tab | Alt+A | โ |
| Open the Review tab | Alt+R | โ |
| Open the View tab | Alt+W | โ |
| Open the Developer tab | Alt+L | โ |
| Jump to the Tell Me or Search box | Alt+Q | โ |
| Run the first Quick Access Toolbar command | Alt+1 | โ |
| Run the second Quick Access Toolbar command | Alt+2 | โ |
| Run the third Quick Access Toolbar command | Alt+3 | โ |
What each function key does in Excel for Windows.
| What it does | Windows | Mac |
|---|---|---|
| Open Help | F1 | โ |
| Edit the active cell | F2 | โ |
| Insert or edit a note | Shift+F2 | โ |
| Paste a defined name into a formula | F3 | โ |
| Insert function | Shift+F3 | โ |
| Repeat the last action or change a reference type | F4 | โ |
| Close the workbook window | Ctrl+F4 | โ |
| Open the Go To dialog | F5 | โ |
| Move between panes and the ribbon | F6 | โ |
| Check spelling | F7 | โ |
| Turn extend selection mode on | F8 | โ |
| Calculate all formulas | F9 | โ |
| Calculate the active sheet | Shift+F9 | โ |
| Show or hide key tips | F10 | โ |
| Create a chart on a new sheet | F11 | โ |
| Insert a new worksheet | Shift+F11 | โ |
| Open the VBA editor | Alt+F11 | โ |
| Save As | F12 | โ |
| Save | Shift+F12 | โ |
| Open a workbook | Ctrl+F12 | โ |
On a Mac, hold the Fn key together with the function key, or change the keyboard setting so the F keys work without Fn. Some function keys are used by macOS for brightness or volume.
Small tricks that mix the mouse with a key and save a lot of clicks.
| What it does | Windows | Mac |
|---|---|---|
| Autofill a column by double-clicking the fill handle | Double-click fill handle | Double-click fill handle |
| Jump to the edge of the data by double-clicking a cell border | Double-click cell border | Double-click cell border |
| AutoFit a column by double-clicking its right edge | Double-click column edge | Double-click column edge |
| Copy cells by dragging the border | Ctrl+Drag border | Option+Drag border |
| Insert dragged cells between other cells | Shift+Drag border | Shift+Drag border |
| Select non-adjacent cells | Ctrl+Click | Cmd+Click |
| Select a range from the active cell to where you click | Shift+Click | Shift+Click |
| Select several worksheets | Ctrl+Click tab | Cmd+Click tab |
| Select all worksheets between two tabs | Shift+Click tab | Shift+Click tab |
| Zoom the sheet | Ctrl+Scroll | Option+Scroll |
| Keep the Format Painter on for many cells | Double-click Format Painter | Double-click Format Painter |
This page is a complete Excel shortcuts list for Windows and Mac, grouped by what you want to do: move around, select, edit, paste, format, write formulas, work with filters and PivotTables, and manage sheets. Type in the search box to find an action, pick Windows or Mac to hide the other column, or use the category links to jump straight to a section.
Keys joined with a plus sign are pressed together, so Ctrl+Shift+L means hold Ctrl and Shift, then press L. Keys shown with the word "then" are pressed one after another, so Alt, then H, then O, then I means press Alt, release it, then press H, O and I in order.
You do not need to memorise 300 shortcuts. Start with the 20 in the Most Used category, then add the ones that match your work. If you clean data all day, learn the Paste Special and filter shortcuts. If you build models, learn the formula and reference shortcuts, especially F4 for locking cell references. Our guide to the 20 Excel shortcuts every data analyst needs explains why each one saves time, and Excel tables with Ctrl+T shows one of the biggest time savers in action.
On a Mac, the Cmd key replaces Ctrl for most shortcuts, so Ctrl+C becomes Cmd+C. Some shortcuts use the Control key instead, and a few are completely different, for example Edit cell is F2 on Windows and Control+U on Mac. The Alt key sequences that open ribbon commands (like Alt, then H, then O, then I) only work in Excel for Windows, so the Mac column shows a dash for those. On many Mac keyboards you also need to hold the Fn key to use the function keys.
These shortcuts are for Microsoft 365 Excel. Some differ in older versions of Excel, in Excel for the web and on keyboards with other language layouts.
Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V and Ctrl+Z for editing, Ctrl+Arrow to jump to the edge of your data, Ctrl+Shift+L for filters, Alt+= for AutoSum, F4 to lock a cell reference and Ctrl+Alt+V to paste values only. The first category on this page lists the 20 that matter most.
Copy the cells, select where you want them, then press Ctrl+Alt+V, then V, then Enter. On a Mac press Control+Cmd+V, then V, then Return.
Select the row (Shift+Space), then press Ctrl+Shift+Plus. To delete the selected row, press Ctrl+Minus. On a Mac, use Control+Shift+= to insert and Cmd+Minus to delete.
Click inside your data and press Ctrl+Shift+L on Windows or Cmd+Shift+F on Mac. Press it again to turn the filter off.
Press Alt+Enter on Windows or Control+Option+Return on Mac while you are typing in the cell.
While editing a formula, click on the reference and press F4 on Windows (Cmd+T on Mac). Each press cycles through $A$1, A$1, $A1 and A1.
Press Ctrl+Down Arrow to jump to the last filled cell in the column. Press Ctrl+End to go to the last used cell on the whole sheet.
Many do, with Cmd or Control instead of Ctrl, but not all. This page shows the Windows and Mac shortcut side by side. The Alt key sequences for the ribbon only work in Excel for Windows.
Start with the 20 in the Most Used category. Add three new shortcuts each week and use them in real work until you stop thinking about them.