Home › Excel formulas › Math and Trig functions
Excel Math and Trig Functions: Full List with Examples
Math and trig functions cover totals, rounding, powers, remainders and angles. SUM, ROUND and SUMPRODUCT are the ones used most. Open any function for its syntax, arguments, a worked example and a free practice spreadsheet.
| Function | What it does |
|---|---|
| SUM | Adds up all the numbers in a range — the most-used formula in Excel. |
| SUMIF | Adds up numbers, but only the ones that meet a condition. |
| SUMIFS | Like SUMIF but can check multiple conditions at once. |
| SUMPRODUCT | Multiplies matching items across ranges, then adds up the results. |
| AVERAGE | Finds the mean of a set of numbers. |
| AVERAGEIF | Averages numbers that meet one condition. |
| AVERAGEIFS | Averages numbers that meet multiple conditions. |
| ROUND | Rounds a number to a set number of decimal places. |
| ROUNDUP | Always rounds a number up, away from zero. |
| ROUNDDOWN | Always rounds a number down, toward zero. |
| ABS | Returns the positive version of a number, ignoring its sign. |
| POWER | Raises a number to a given power. |
| SQRT | Returns the square root of a number. |
| MOD | Returns the remainder after dividing one number by another. |
| INT | Rounds a number down to the nearest whole number. |
| TRUNC | Cuts off the decimal part of a number without rounding. |
| CEILING | Rounds a number up to the nearest multiple of a chosen value. |
| FLOOR | Rounds a number down to the nearest multiple of a chosen value. |
| PRODUCT | Multiplies all the given numbers together. |
| RAND | Returns a random decimal number between 0 and 1. |
| RANDBETWEEN | Returns a random whole number between two values. |
| PI | Returns the value of pi. |
| GCD | Returns the greatest common divisor of a set of numbers. |
| LCM | Returns the least common multiple of a set of numbers. |
| SUBTOTAL | Performs a calculation like SUM or AVERAGE while ignoring other subtotals in the range. |
| SIN | Returns the sine of an angle given in radians. |
| COS | Returns the cosine of an angle given in radians. |
| TAN | Returns the tangent of an angle given in radians. |
| ASIN | Returns the arcsine of a number, in radians. |
| ACOS | Returns the arccosine of a number, in radians. |
| ATAN | Returns the arctangent of a number, in radians. |
| ATAN2 | Returns the arctangent from x and y coordinates. |
| SINH | Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number. |
| COSH | Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number. |
| TANH | Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number. |
| DEGREES | Converts an angle from radians to degrees. |
| RADIANS | Converts an angle from degrees to radians. |
| EXP | Returns e raised to the power of a given number. |
| LN | Returns the natural logarithm of a number. |
| LOG | Returns the logarithm of a number to a base you specify. |
| LOG10 | Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number. |
| SQRTPI | Returns the square root of a number multiplied by pi. |
| FACT | Returns the factorial of a number. |
| FACTDOUBLE | Returns the double factorial of a number. |
| MULTINOMIAL | Returns the ratio of the factorial of a sum to the product of factorials. |
| MDETERM | Returns the matrix determinant of an array. |
| MMULT | Returns the matrix product of two arrays. |
| MINVERSE | Returns the inverse of a matrix stored in an array. |
| MUNIT | Returns the identity matrix for a given dimension. |
| SUMSQ | Returns the sum of the squares of the given values. |
| SUMX2MY2 | Sums the difference of squares of two corresponding ranges. |
| SUMX2PY2 | Sums the total of squares of two corresponding ranges. |
| SUMXMY2 | Sums the squares of differences between two corresponding ranges. |
| SIGN | Returns 1, 0, or -1 depending on whether a number is positive, zero, or negative. |
| ODD | Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer. |
| EVEN | Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer. |
| CEILING.MATH | Rounds a number up to the nearest multiple, with directional control for negatives. |
| FLOOR.MATH | Rounds a number down to the nearest multiple, with directional control for negatives. |
| CEILING.PRECISE | Rounds a number up to the nearest multiple, always rounding away from zero. |
| FLOOR.PRECISE | Rounds a number down to the nearest multiple, always rounding toward zero. |
| ISO.CEILING | Rounds a number up to the nearest multiple, following ISO rules. |
| QUOTIENT | Returns the integer portion of a division. |
| SERIESSUM | Returns the sum of a power series based on a formula. |
| SEQUENCE | Generates a list of sequential numbers in an array. |
| RANDARRAY | Returns an array of random numbers. |
| ARABIC | Converts a Roman numeral to an Arabic (regular) number. |
| ROMAN | Converts a number to a Roman numeral, as text. |
| BASE | Converts a number into a text representation in another base. |
| DECIMAL | Converts a text representation of a number in another base to decimal. |
| SUMPRODUCT (conditional sum, array-style) | Uses SUMPRODUCT as an array-style alternative to SUMIF, useful when you need more complex multi-condition logic. |
| SUMIF using an INDEX+MATCH range | Uses INDEX+MATCH to dynamically select which column SUMIF should even look at, instead of a fixed range. |
| MAX + IF (array formula) | An array-entered formula that finds the highest value only among rows matching a condition (a conditional MAX). |
| MIN + IF (array formula) | An array-entered formula that finds the lowest value only among rows matching a condition (a conditional MIN). |
| SUMPRODUCT + COUNTIF (count matches from a list) | Counts how many cells in a range match ANY value from a separate list, all in one formula. |
| SUMIFS with OR logic (multiple SUMs) | SUMIFS only supports AND logic natively — adding two SUMIFS together is the standard workaround for an OR condition. |
| SUM + OFFSET (dynamic range sum) | Uses OFFSET to build a range that can grow or shrink automatically, then sums whatever falls inside it. |
| SUMIFS with an INDEX+MATCH dynamic column | Combines SUMIFS with INDEX+MATCH so the SUM column itself is chosen dynamically, not hardcoded. |
Practice Math and Trig functions free
Type formulas in a real spreadsheet and get instant feedback.
Start practice → Formulas cheat sheetFrequently asked questions
What are the main Excel Math and Trig functions?
Cellgrids lists 77 Excel Math and Trig functions. Popular ones include SUM, SUMIF, SUMIFS, SUMPRODUCT, AVERAGE. Each has its own page with syntax, arguments and an example.
How can I practice Excel Math and Trig functions online?
Open the free live spreadsheet on Cellgrids, type the function in a cell and check your answer. No Excel install or sign-up is needed to start.
Which Excel Math and Trig function should a beginner learn first?
Start with SUM. Adds up all the numbers in a range — the most-used formula in Excel.