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Excel Financial Functions: Full List with Examples
Financial functions calculate loan payments, interest, present value and returns. PMT, FV and NPV are common in finance and accounting roles. Open any function for its syntax, arguments, a worked example and a free practice spreadsheet.
| Function | What it does |
|---|---|
| PMT | Calculates the fixed periodic payment for a loan. |
| FV | Calculates the future value of an investment based on regular payments. |
| PV | Calculates the present value of a series of future payments. |
| NPV | Calculates the net present value of a series of cash flows. |
| IRR | Estimates the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows. |
| RATE | Calculates the interest rate per period for a loan or investment. |
| NPER | Calculates how many payment periods are needed to pay off a loan. |
| IPMT | Returns the interest portion of a loan payment for a given period. |
| PPMT | Returns the principal portion of a loan payment for a given period. |
| CUMIPMT | Returns cumulative interest paid between two periods. |
| CUMPRINC | Returns cumulative principal paid between two periods. |
| SYD | Returns sum-of-years' digits depreciation for a period. |
| DDB | Returns depreciation using the double-declining balance method. |
| VDB | Returns depreciation using a variable declining balance method. |
| MIRR | Returns the modified internal rate of return for a series of cash flows. |
| XNPV | Returns net present value for cash flows on irregular dates. |
| XIRR | Returns internal rate of return for cash flows on irregular dates. |
| PRICE | Returns the price of a bond per $100 face value. |
| YIELD | Returns the yield on a bond paying periodic interest. |
| DURATION | Returns the annual duration of a security with periodic interest. |
| MDURATION | Returns the modified Macauley duration of a security. |
| ACCRINT | Returns accrued interest for a security paying periodic interest. |
| ACCRINTM | Returns accrued interest for a security paying interest at maturity. |
| DISC | Returns the discount rate for a security. |
| INTRATE | Returns the interest rate for a fully invested security. |
| RECEIVED | Returns the amount received at maturity for a fully invested security. |
| PRICEDISC | Returns the price per $100 face value of a discounted security. |
| PRICEMAT | Returns the price per $100 face value of a security paying interest at maturity. |
| YIELDDISC | Returns the annual yield for a discounted security. |
| YIELDMAT | Returns the annual yield for a security paying interest at maturity. |
| TBILLEQ | Returns the bond-equivalent yield for a treasury bill. |
| TBILLPRICE | Returns the price per $100 face value for a treasury bill. |
| TBILLYIELD | Returns the yield for a treasury bill. |
| DOLLARDE | Converts a dollar price expressed as a fraction into a decimal. |
| DOLLARFR | Converts a dollar price expressed as a decimal into a fraction. |
| EFFECT | Returns the effective annual interest rate from a nominal rate. |
| NOMINAL | Returns the nominal annual interest rate from an effective rate. |
| FVSCHEDULE | Returns the future value of a principal after applying a series of interest rates. |
| PDURATION | Returns the number of periods needed for an investment to reach a target value. |
| RRI | Returns an equivalent interest rate for the growth of an investment. |
| ISPMT | Calculates interest paid for a specific period of a loan with straight-line principal payments. |
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What are the main Excel Financial functions?
Cellgrids lists 41 Excel Financial functions. Popular ones include PMT, FV, PV, NPV, IRR. Each has its own page with syntax, arguments and an example.
How can I practice Excel Financial functions online?
Open the free live spreadsheet on Cellgrids, type the function in a cell and check your answer. No Excel install or sign-up is needed to start.
Which Excel Financial function should a beginner learn first?
Start with PMT. Calculates the fixed periodic payment for a loan.